Restored TDCA and valine levels imitate the effects of bariatric surgery.
Authors:
Journal: eLife
Publication Type: Journal Article
Date: 2021
DOI: PMC8257250
ID: 34155969
Abstract
Obesity is widespread and linked to various co-morbidities. Bariatric surgery has been identified as the only effective treatment, promoting sustained weight loss and the remission of co-morbidities.
Chemical List
- Taurodeoxycholic Acid|||Valine
Reference List
- Albaugh VL, Flynn CR, Cai S, Xiao Y, Tamboli RA, Abumrad NN. Early increases in bile acids post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are driven by Insulin-Sensitizing, secondary bile acids. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2015;100:E1225–E1233. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-2467.|||Arterburn DE, Bogart A, Sherwood NE, Sidney S, Coleman KJ, Haneuse S, O'Connor PJ, Theis MK, Campos GM, McCulloch D, Selby J. A multisite study of long-term remission and relapse of type 2 diabetes mellitus following gastric bypass. Obesity Surgery. 2013;23:93–102. doi: 10.1007/s11695-012-0802-1.|||Benaiges D, Goday A, Ramon JM, Hernandez E, Pera M, Cano JF, Obemar Group Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic gastric bypass are equally effective for reduction of cardiovascular risk in severely obese patients at one year of follow-up. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2011;7:575–580. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2011.03.002.|||Blouet C, Jo YH, Li X, Schwartz GJ. Mediobasal hypothalamic leucine sensing regulates food intake through activation of a hypothalamus-brainstem circuit. Journal of Neuroscience. 2009;29:8302–8311. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1668-09.2009.|||Brennan AM, Mantzoros CS. Drug insight: the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology--emerging clinical applications. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2006;2:318–327. doi: 10.1038/ncpendmet0196.|||Brownlow BS, Park CR, Schwartz RS, Woods SC. Effect of meal pattern during food restriction on body weight loss and recovery after refeeding. Physiology & Behavior. 1993;53:421–424. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90133-Z.|||Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, Jensen MD, Pories W, Fahrbach K, Schoelles K. Bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292:1724–1737. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.14.1724.|||Burrill JS, Long EK, Reilly B, Deng Y, Armitage IM, Scherer PE, Bernlohr DA. Inflammation and ER stress regulate branched-chain amino acid uptake and metabolism in adipocytes. Molecular Endocrinology. 2015;29:411–420. doi: 10.1210/me.2014-1275.|||Chambers AP, Jessen L, Ryan KK, Sisley S, Wilson-Pérez HE, Stefater MA, Gaitonde SG, Sorrell JE, Toure M, Berger J, D'Alessio DA, Woods SC, Seeley RJ, Sandoval DA. Weight-independent changes in blood glucose homeostasis after gastric bypass or vertical sleeve gastrectomy in rats. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:950–958. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.050.|||Chang SH, Stoll CR, Song J, Varela JE, Eagon CJ, Colditz GA. The effectiveness and risks of bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, 2003-2012. JAMA Surgery. 2014;149:275–287. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2013.3654.|||Cota D, Proulx K, Smith KA, Kozma SC, Thomas G, Woods SC, Seeley RJ. Hypothalamic mTOR signaling regulates food intake. Science. 2006;312:927–930. doi: 10.1126/science.1124147.|||Della-Zuana O, Presse F, Ortola C, Duhault J, Nahon JL, Levens N. Acute and chronic administration of melanin-concentrating hormone enhances food intake and body weight in Wistar and Sprague–Dawley rats. International Journal of Obesity. 2002;26:1289–1295. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802079.|||Gloy VL, Briel M, Bhatt DL, Kashyap SR, Schauer PR, Mingrone G, Bucher HC, Nordmann AJ. Bariatric surgery versus non-surgical treatment for obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2013;347:f5934. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f5934.|||Gumbs AA, Gagner M, Dakin G, Pomp A. Sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity. Obesity Surgery. 2007;17:962–969. doi: 10.1007/s11695-007-9151-x.|||Hervieu G. Melanin-concentrating hormone functions in the nervous system: food intake and stress. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets. 2003;7:495–511. doi: 10.1517/14728222.7.4.495.|||Igawa H, Takahashi M, Kakegawa K, Kina A, Ikoma M, Aida J, Yasuma T, Kawata Y, Ashina S, Yamamoto S, Kundu M, Khamrai U, Hirabayashi H, Nakayama M, Nagisa Y, Kasai S, Maekawa T. Melanin-Concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists lacking an aliphatic amine: synthesis and Structure-Activity relationships of novel 1-(Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl)pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2016;59:1116–1139. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01704.|||Irving BA, Carter RE, Soop M, Weymiller A, Syed H, Karakelides H, Bhagra S, Short KR, Tatpati L, Barazzoni R, Nair KS. Effect of insulin sensitizer therapy on amino acids and their metabolites. Metabolism. 2015;64:720–728. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.01.008.|||Kastin AJ, Akerstrom V, Hackler L, Zadina JE. Phe(13),Tyr(19)-melanin-concentration hormone and the blood-brain barrier: role of protein binding. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2000;74:385–391. doi: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0740385.x.|||Kawata Y, Okuda S, Hotta N, Igawa H, Takahashi M, Ikoma M, Kasai S, Ando A, Satomi Y, Nishida M, Nakayama M, Yamamoto S, Nagisa Y, Takekawa S. A novel and selective melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonist ameliorates obesity and hepatic steatosis in diet-induced obese rodent models. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2017;796:45–53. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.018.|||Khandekar MJ, Cohen P, Spiegelman BM. Molecular mechanisms of Cancer development in obesity. Nature Reviews Cancer. 2011;11:886–895. doi: 10.1038/nrc3174.|||Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H, AlMazroa MA, Amann M, Anderson HR, Andrews KG, Aryee M, Atkinson C, Bacchus LJ, Bahalim AN, Balakrishnan K, Balmes J, Barker-Collo S, Baxter A, Bell ML, Blore JD, Blyth F, Bonner C, Borges G, Bourne R, Boussinesq M, Brauer M, Brooks P, Bruce NG, Brunekreef B, Bryan-Hancock C, Bucello C, Buchbinder R, Bull F, Burnett RT, Byers TE, Calabria B, Carapetis J, Carnahan E, Chafe Z, Charlson F, Chen H, Chen JS, Cheng AT-A, Child JC, Cohen A, Colson KE, Cowie BC, Darby S, Darling S, Davis A, Degenhardt L, Dentener F, Des Jarlais DC, Devries K, Dherani M, Ding EL, Dorsey ER, Driscoll T, Edmond K, Ali SE, Engell RE, Erwin PJ, Fahimi S, Falder G, Farzadfar F, Ferrari A, Finucane MM, Flaxman S, Fowkes FGR, Freedman G, Freeman MK, Gakidou E, Ghosh S, Giovannucci E, Gmel G, Graham K, Grainger R, Grant B, Gunnell D, Gutierrez HR, Hall W, Hoek HW, Hogan A, Hosgood HD, Hoy D, Hu H, Hubbell BJ, Hutchings SJ, Ibeanusi SE, Jacklyn GL, Jasrasaria R, Jonas JB, Kan H, Kanis JA, Kassebaum N, Kawakami N, Khang Y-H, Khatibzadeh S, Khoo J-P, Kok C, Laden F, Lalloo R, Lan Q, Lathlean T, Leasher JL, Leigh J, Li Y, Lin JK, Lipshultz SE, London S, Lozano R, Lu Y, Mak J, Malekzadeh R, Mallinger L, Marcenes W, March L, Marks R, Martin R, McGale P, McGrath J, Mehta S, Memish ZA, Mensah GA, Merriman TR, Micha R, Michaud C, Mishra V, Hanafiah KM, Mokdad AA, Morawska L, Mozaffarian D, Murphy T, Naghavi M, Neal B, Nelson PK, Nolla JM, Norman R, Olives C, Omer SB, Orchard J, Osborne R, Ostro B, Page A, Pandey KD, Parry CDH, Passmore E, Patra J, Pearce N, Pelizzari PM, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Pope D, Pope CA, Powles J, Rao M, Razavi H, Rehfuess EA, Rehm JT, Ritz B, Rivara FP, Roberts T, Robinson C, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Romieu I, Room R, Rosenfeld LC, Roy A, Rushton L, Salomon JA, Sampson U, Sanchez-Riera L, Sanman E, Sapkota A, Seedat S, Shi P, Shield K, Shivakoti R, Singh GM, Sleet DA, Smith E, Smith KR, Stapelberg NJC, Steenland K, Stöckl H, Stovner LJ, Straif K, Straney L, Thurston GD, Tran JH, Van Dingenen R, van Donkelaar A, Veerman JL, Vijayakumar L, Weintraub R, Weissman MM, White RA, Whiteford H, Wiersma ST, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams W, Wilson N, Woolf AD, Yip P, Zielinski JM, Lopez AD, Murray CJL, Ezzati M. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. 2012;380:2224–2260. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8.|||Lynch CJ, Adams SH. Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signalling and insulin resistance. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2014;10:723–736. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.171.|||Myronovych A, Kirby M, Ryan KK, Zhang W, Jha P, Setchell KD, Dexheimer PJ, Aronow B, Seeley RJ, Kohli R. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy reduces hepatic steatosis while increasing serum bile acids in a weight-loss-independent manner. Obesity. 2014;22:390–400. doi: 10.1002/oby.20548.|||Mystkowski P, Seeley RJ, Hahn TM, Baskin DG, Havel PJ, Matsumoto AM, Wilkinson CW, Peacock-Kinzig K, Blake KA, Schwartz MW. Hypothalamic melanin-concentrating hormone and estrogen-induced weight loss. The Journal of Neuroscience. 2000;20:8637–8642. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08637.2000.|||Nahon JL. The melanocortins and melanin-concentrating hormone in the central regulation of feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 2006;329:623–638. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2006.03.021.|||Parks DJ, Blanchard SG, Bledsoe RK, Chandra G, Consler TG, Kliewer SA, Stimmel JB, Willson TM, Zavacki AM, Moore DD, Lehmann JM. Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor. Science. 1999;284:1365–1368. doi: 10.1126/science.284.5418.1365.|||Patti ME, Houten SM, Bianco AC, Bernier R, Larsen PR, Holst JJ, Badman MK, Maratos-Flier E, Mun EC, Pihlajamaki J, Auwerx J, Goldfine AB. Serum bile acids are higher in humans with prior gastric bypass: potential contribution to improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity. 2009;17:1671–1677. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.102.|||Peterli R, Wölnerhanssen B, Peters T, Devaux N, Kern B, Christoffel-Courtin C, Drewe J, von Flüe M, Beglinger C. Improvement in glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial. Annals of Surgery. 2009;250:234–241. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181ae32e3.|||Pissios P, Maratos-Flier E. Melanin-concentrating hormone: from fish skin to skinny mammals. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2003;14:243–248. doi: 10.1016/S1043-2760(03)00079-1.|||Pournaras DJ, Glicksman C, Vincent RP, Kuganolipava S, Alaghband-Zadeh J, Mahon D, Bekker JH, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR, Walters JR, Welbourn R, le Roux CW. The role of bile after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in promoting weight loss and improving glycaemic control. Endocrinology. 2012;153:3613–3619. doi: 10.1210/en.2011-2145.|||Rossi M, Choi SJ, O'Shea D, Miyoshi T, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Melanin-concentrating hormone acutely stimulates feeding, but chronic administration has no effect on body weight. Endocrinology. 1997;138:351–355. doi: 10.1210/endo.138.1.4887.|||Ryan KK, Tremaroli V, Clemmensen C, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Myronovych A, Karns R, Wilson-Pérez HE, Sandoval DA, Kohli R, Bäckhed F, Seeley RJ. FXR is a molecular target for the effects of vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Nature. 2014;509:183–188. doi: 10.1038/nature13135.|||Saltiel AR, Kahn CR. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature. 2001;414:799–806. doi: 10.1038/414799a.|||Schauer PR, Bhatt DL, Kirwan JP, Wolski K, Brethauer SA, Navaneethan SD, Aminian A, Pothier CE, Kim ESH, Nissen SE, Kashyap SR. Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy for diabetes — 3-Year Outcomes. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;370:2002–2013. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1401329.|||She P, Van Horn C, Reid T, Hutson SM, Cooney RN, Lynch CJ. Obesity-related elevations in plasma leucine are associated with alterations in enzymes involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;293:E1552–E1563. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00134.2007.|||Shimada M, Tritos NA, Lowell BB, Flier JS, Maratos-Flier E. Mice lacking melanin-concentrating hormone are hypophagic and lean. Nature. 1998;396:670–674. doi: 10.1038/25341.|||Sjöström L. Review of the key results from the swedish obese subjects (SOS) trial - a prospective controlled intervention study of bariatric surgery. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2013;273:219–234. doi: 10.1111/joim.12012.|||Stefater MA, Pérez-Tilve D, Chambers AP, Wilson-Pérez HE, Sandoval DA, Berger J, Toure M, Tschöp M, Woods SC, Seeley RJ. Sleeve gastrectomy induces loss of weight and fat mass in obese rats, but does not affect leptin sensitivity. Gastroenterology. 2010;138:2426–2436. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.059.|||Stefater MA, Sandoval DA, Chambers AP, Wilson-Pérez HE, Hofmann SM, Jandacek R, Tso P, Woods SC, Seeley RJ. Sleeve gastrectomy in rats improves postprandial lipid clearance by reducing intestinal triglyceride secretion. Gastroenterology. 2011;141:939–949. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.05.008.|||Stefater MA, Wilson-Pérez HE, Chambers AP, Sandoval DA, Seeley RJ. All bariatric surgeries are not created equal: insights from mechanistic comparisons. Endocrine Reviews. 2012;33:595–622. doi: 10.1210/er.2011-1044.|||Thomas C, Gioiello A, Noriega L, Strehle A, Oury J, Rizzo G, Macchiarulo A, Yamamoto H, Mataki C, Pruzanski M, Pellicciari R, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. TGR5-mediated bile acid sensing controls glucose homeostasis. Cell Metabolism. 2009;10:167–177. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2009.08.001.|||Wang CY, Liao JK. A mouse model of diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2012;821:421–433. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-430-8_27.|||Winzell MS, Ahrén B. The high-fat diet-fed mouse: a model for studying mechanisms and treatment of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2004;53:S215–S219. doi: 10.2337/diabetes.53.suppl_3.S215.|||Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, Chou CJ, Sole J, Nichols A, Ross JS, Tartaglia LA, Chen H. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2003;112:1821–1830. doi: 10.1172/JCI200319451.|||Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA. Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review. JAMA. 2014;311:74–86. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.281361.|||Zhang Y, Guo K, LeBlanc RE, Loh D, Schwartz GJ, Yu YH. Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms. Diabetes. 2007;56:1647–1654. doi: 10.2337/db07-0123.