Cardiovascular Research

Continuous heliox breathing and the extent of anatomic zone of noreflow and necrosis following ischemia/reperfusion in the rabbi

Authors: Sharon L Hale|||Donald R Vanderipe|||Robert A Kloner

Affiliations: + Expand

Abstract

Nitrogen may contribute to reperfusion injury. Some studies have shown that helium as a replacement for nitrogen in breathing gas (heliox) reduces cell necrosis after ischemia/reperfusion when used in a preconditioning fashion (intermittent heliox exposure). Our aim was to test whether heliox, breathed continuously throughout the ischemic and reperfusion periods, reduced necrosis and a marker of reperfusion injury, the no-reflow phenomenon.

---

Reference List

Liu Y, Xue F, Liu G , et al. Helium preconditioning attenuates hypoxia/ischemia-induced injury in the developing brain. Brain Res. 2011;1376:122–9.|||Pan Y, Zhang H, VanDeripe DR, Cruz-Flores S, Panneton WM. Heliox and oxygen reduce infarct volume in a rat model of focal ischemia. Exp Neurol. 2007;205:587–90.|||Pan Y, Zhang H, Acharya AB, Cruz-Flores S, Panneton WM. The effect of heliox treatment in a rat model of focal transient cerebral ischemia. Neurosci Lett. 2011;497:144–7.|||Huhn R, Heinen A, Weber NC , et al. Helium-induced early preconditioning and postconditioning are abolished in obese Zucker rats in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009;329:600–7.|||Huhn R, Heinen A, Weber Nc , et al. Helium-induced late preconditioning in the rat heart in vivo. Br J Anaesth. 2009;102:614–9.|||Oei GT, Huhn R, Heinen A , et al. Helium-induced cardioprotection of healthy and hypertensive rat myocardium in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2012;684:125–31.|||Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG, Pratt PF , et al. The mechanism of helium-induced preconditioning: a direct role for nitric oxide in rabbits. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:762–8.|||Heinen A, Huhn R, Smeele KM , et al. Helium-induced preconditioning in young and old rat heart: impact of mitochondrial Ca(2+) -sensitive potassium channel activation. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:830–6.|||VanDeripe DR. The swelling of mitochondria from nitrogen gas, a possible cause of reperfusion damage. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62:294–6.|||Ito H. No-reflow phenomenon in patients with acute myocardial infarction: its pathophysiology and clinical implications. Acta Med Okayama. 2009;63:161–8.|||Bolognese L, Falsini G, Liistro F, Angioli P, Ducci K. Epicardial and microvascular reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Ital Heart J. 2005;6:447–52.|||Wu KC, Zerhouni EA, Judd RM , et al. Prognostic significance of microvascular obstruction by magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998;97:765–72.|||Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG, Shim YH , et al. Noble gases without anesthetic properties protect myocardium against infarction by activating prosurvival signaling kinases and inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition in vivo. Anesth Analg. 2007;105:562–9.|||Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG, Pratt PFJr, Shim YH, Amour J, Warltier DC, Weihrauch D. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase or the apoptotic protein p53 lowers the threshold of helium cardioprotection in vivo: the role of mitochondrial permeability transition. Anesth Analg. 2008;107:769–75.|||Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG, Pratt PF , et al. Reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate helium-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction in vivo. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2008;22:554–9.|||Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG. Transient metabolic alkalosis during early reperfusion abolishes helium preconditioning against myocardial infarction: restoration of cardioprotection by cyclosporin A in rabbits. Anesth Analg. 2009;108:1076–82.|||Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG, Amour J, Warltier DC, Weihrauch D. Morphine reduces the threshold of helium preconditioning against myocardial infarction: the role of opioid receptors in rabbits. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2009;23:619–24.|||Hale SL, Kloner RA. Cardioprotection with adenosine-regulating agent GP531: effects on no-reflow infarct size and blood flow following ischemia/ reperfusion in the rabbit. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2010;15:60–7.|||Pifarre R, Cox WD, Jasuja M, Neville WE. Helium in the prevention of ventricular fibrillation. Dis Chest. 1969;56:135–8.|||Heinen A, Huhn R, Smeele KM , et al. Helium-induced preconditioning in young and old rat heart: impact of mitochondrial Ca(2+) -sensitive potassium channel activation. Anesthesiology. 2008;109:830–6.|||Huhn R, Weber NC, Preckel B , et al. Age-related loss of cardiac preconditioning: impact of protein kinase A. Exp Gerontol. 2012;47:116–21.|||Lucchinetti E, Wacker J, Maurer C , et al. Helium breathing provides modest antiinflammatory. but no endothelial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury in humans in vivo. Anesth Analg. 2009;109:101–8.|||Fukuda K, Asoh S, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;361:670–4.